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Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat
The Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat, Dinagat crateromys or Dinagat cloud rat (''Crateromys australis'') is a species of cloud rat in the family Muridae. It is one of the eight cloud rats found only in the Philippines, and is specifically endemic to Dinagat Island. It is a rare species. A single specimen was discovered in 1975 by Dioscoro S. Rabor and his team during a scientific survey in Dinagat. The natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests, which is facing environmental threats. Habitat loss is caused by progressive deforestation from heavy logging and chromite mining in the area. Due to its rare occurrence and habitat destruction, the species is classified as "Critically Endangered" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2008. The assessment event noted that the species could have been already extinct. After 35 years of the original discovery, existence of live specimens was reported by Milada Řeháková, Václav Řehák and William L.R. Oliver, in 2012.
==Discovery and rediscovery==
The Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat was first seen in 1975 in Balitbiton, Loreto Municipality, Surigao del Norte Province, Dinagat island during a scientific faunal survey. The only specimen (now the holotype) was collected by Dioscoro S. Rabor of the University of the Philippines on 16 May 1975. It was found in a disturbed lowland forest, near a logging road. It was stuffed to preserve its skin, cranium, mandibles and baculum (the penile bone). It was deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. Rabor, with Guy G. Musser of the American Museum of Natural History and Lawrence R. Heaney of the University of Michigan, reported the full description after 10 years, in 1985. (The same survey also resulted in the discovery of other new species of rat, the Dinagat moonrat, ''Podogymnura aureospinula'' and later, the Dinagat hairy-tailed rat, ''Batomys russatus''.) The main reason the species is hard to observe is that it is nocturnal and arboreal. No other specimen had been known until 2012. In January 2012, Czech zoologists noticed a living specimen in a semi-protected watershed reserve site on central-north Dinagat. The team led by Milada Řeháková and her husband made a video film of it.〔
Řeháková had been officially investigating the Philippine tarsier ''Tarsius syrichta'' on Bohol for three years, during 2009-2012. Supported by the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, Inc., she extended her research in Dinagat for its threatened and genetically isolated Philippine tarsier populations. She surveyed the Loreto Municipality for 10 days, between 5 and 15 January 2012. She failed to find any tarsier. However, using vocalisation records, her team detected the rustling movements and calls of a cloud rat, which were clearly distinct from those of tarsiers. For three nights, as dusk fell (local time 17:55–18:35 hr), they recorded the same sounds. On 8 January (18:05 h) the actual cloud rat was spotted, and was documented using still and video cameras. The rat fled when flashes were on. It was first seen by her husband, Václav Řehák. It was again seen on 11 January around the same time in the evening but in a little distance from the previous location. It was again seen on 14 January at the original location. They presented their findings at the Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines symposium on 17-20 April 2012. Their technical report was only 20 June 2015 in the ''Journal of Threatened Taxa''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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